Diagnosis Methods
1. Physical Exam: A healthcare provider will perform a physical exam to check for signs of diabetes, such as high blood pressure, high levels of sugar in the urine, or nerve damage.
2. Medical History: A healthcare provider will ask questions about medical history, including family history of diabetes, previous blood sugar tests, and any symptoms.
3. Blood Tests: Several blood tests can be used to diagnose diabetes, including:
- Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) Test: Measures blood sugar levels after an overnight fast.
- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Measures blood sugar levels after consuming a sugary drink.
- Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Test: Measures average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months.
4. Urine Tests: Urine tests can check for ketones, which are produced when the body breaks down fat for energy instead of glucose.
Diagnostic Criteria
1. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) Test: A level of 126 mg/dL or higher indicates diabetes.
2. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): A level of 200 mg/dL or higher indicates diabetes.
3. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Test: A level of 6.5% or higher indicates diabetes.
Diagnostic Procedures
1. Screening Tests: Healthcare providers may use screening tests, such as the FPG test or HbA1c test, to check for diabetes in people who are at risk.
2. Diagnostic Tests: If screening tests indicate diabetes, healthcare providers may use diagnostic tests, such as the OGTT or HbA1c test, to confirm the diagnosis.
3. Monitoring Tests: Once diabetes is diagnosed, healthcare providers may use monitoring tests, such as the HbA1c test or blood glucose monitoring, to track blood sugar levels and adjust treatment plans as needed.
When to Get Tested
1. Age 45 or Older: The American Diabetes Association recommends that adults aged 45 or older get tested for diabetes every three years.
2. Risk Factors: People with risk factors, such as obesity, family history of diabetes, or physical inactivity, should get tested for diabetes earlier and more frequently.
3. Symptoms: People who experience symptoms of diabetes, such as increased thirst and urination, fatigue, or blurred vision, should get tested for diabetes immediately.